Abstract

Disaster management has been a subject of interest to libraries and librarians, because of its implications for disaster preparedness and control. This paper is a review of literature on disasters experienced by libraries in some developing nations, with a view to discovering workable solutions that would help to either prevent or manage future occurrences. It examined library disasters in Egypt, Philippines, Nepal, Jamaica, Nigeria and Malawi among others. The paper observed that the initial response of the affected libraries to these disasters was poor. It therefore advocated for the need for disaster plan and preparedness among libraries and librarians in developing countries. It further suggested the following as the way forward – conduct of risk assessment, formulation of disaster plan and policies, mitigation, quick response to disaster and workable recovery plan among others. As a result of this research, it was concluded that disasters would be prevented and better managed in libraries if these precautions and recommendations are implemented.

Keywords: Disasters, disaster management, library disasters, developing countries, disaster plan, mitigation, recovery plan

References

  1. Aarons, J. (2003). Hurricanes: Nature’s weapon of mass destruction. International Preservation News, December, 31, 11-18. Retrieved from https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/pac/ipn/ipnn31.pdf
  2. Abareh, H. M. (2014). Disaster reparedness by heads of academic libraries in North–Eastern Nigeria. Global Journal of Academic librarianship, 3(1), 45-57.
  3. Akintunde, S. A. (2016). Ashes to beauty: The story of the University of Jos Library. Retrieved from https://www.acu.ac.uk/membership/member-communities/research-knowledge-information/realising-research/may-2016/university-jos-library.
  4. Al-Tikriti, N. (2007). Stuff happens: A brief overview of the 2003 destruction of Iraqi manuscript collections, archives and libraries. Library Trends, 55(3), 730-745.
  5. Amirkhani, G. (2001). Letter from Iran: Afghanistan’s lost splendour. American Libraries, 32(11), 19-33. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25646129
  6. Arnoult, J-M. (2003). Libraries in Iraq in 2003: A new chapter in the never-ending story of disasters. International Preservation News, 30, 21-29. Retrieved from https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/pac/ipn/ipnn30.pdf
  7. Cassell, G. (2004). Library experiences with natural disasters: Hurricanes and volcanoes (Montserrat). International Preservation News, 34, 4-11.
  8. Chadha R. K., Papadopoulos G. A., & Karanci A. N. (2007). Disasters due to natural hazards. Nat Hazards, 40, 501–502. doi:10.1007/s11069-006-9010-4
  9. Chavula J. (2015, December 19). Fire guts Mzuni Library. The Nation. Retrieved from http://mwnation.com/fire-guts-mzuni-library/
  10. Chesser, P. (n.d.). The burning of the Library of Alexandria. Retrieved from https://ehistory.osu.edu/articles/burning-library-alexandria
  11. Cozens, C. (2015, May 11). Quake leaves century-old library in ruins. Gulf Times. Retrieved from http://www.gulf-times.com/story/438854/Quake-leaves-century-old-library-in-ruins
  12. Cramer, E. E., & Hickok, J. (2015). ALA disaster relief for Nepal: Impact on libraries. International Leads, 29(2), 6-7.
  13. Eberhart, G. M. (2012). Katrina’s terrible toll: Librarians rally to provide information for a devastated Gulf Coast population. American Libraries, 36(9), 14-25.
  14. Echezona, R., Ugwu, C., & Ozioko, R. (2012). Disaster management in university libraries: Perceptions, problems and strategies. International Research: Journal of Library and Information Science, 2(1), 56-64. Retrieved from http://irjlis.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/6_IR033.pdf
  15. Eden, P., & Matthews, G. (1996). Disaster management in libraries. Facilities, 15(1/2), 43-55.
  16. Frank, J. M. (2011). The impact of Hurricane Katrina on gulf coast libraries and their disaster planning (master’s theses). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3925/
  17. Gamage, P. (2005). Tsunami devastates Sri Lankan libraries. International Leads, 19(1), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/rt/sites/ala.org.rt/files/content/intlleads/leadsarchive/200503.pdf
  18. Green, M. (2016, July 13). Nepal’s public libraries still in distress after 2015 earthquake. Retrieved from http://publiclibrariesonline.org/2016/07/nepals-public-libraries-still-in-distress-after-2015-earthquake/
  19. Harris, R. (2013, November 11). Why Typhoon Haiyan caused so much damage. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2013/11/11/244572227/why-typhoon-haiyan-caused-so-much-damage.
  20. Haughton, B. (2011, February 1). What happened to the Great Library at Alexandria? Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/article/207/
  21. Hayes, J. (2016, June 10). Rebuilding a Malawian library after disaster. Library Connect. Retrieved from https://libraryconnect.elsevier.com/articles/rebuilding-malawian-library-after-disaster
  22. Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Ifijeh, G., Ilogho, J. E., Iwu-James, J., & Izuagbe, R. (2019). Disaster in libraries in developing countries: The need for digital preservation of information resources. In C. Inglese, & A. Ippolito (E.ds), Analysis, conservation and restoration of tangible and intangible cultural heritage (pp. 431-449). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6936-7.ch017
  23. Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Ifijeh, G., Iwu-James, J., & Ilogho, J. (2016). Management of institutional repositories (IR) in developing countries. In E. de Smet, & S. Dhamdhere (Eds.), E-Discovery Tools and Applications in Modern Libraries (pp. 306-331). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0474-0.ch016
  24. Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Nduka, S., Adekunjo, O., & Okoedion, I. (2015). An assessment of digital library functions and services in Nigerian academic libraries. In S. Thanuskodi (Ed.), Handbook of research on inventive digital tools for collection management and development in modern libraries (pp. 229-241). Hershey, PA: IGI-Global. doi: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8178-1
  25. Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Nkiko, C., Idahosa, M., & Nwokocha, N. (2016). Digital divide: Issues and strategies for intervention in Nigerian libraries. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 18(3), 29-39.
  26. Ifijeh, G., Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Segun-Adeniran, C., & Ilogho, J. (2016). Disaster management in digital libraries: Issues and strategies in developing countries. International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management, 5(1), 1-14. doi: 10.4018/IJRCM.2016010101
  27. Ifijeh, G., Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Segun-Adeniran, C., & Ilogho, J. (2015). Disaster and Digital Libraries in Developing Countries: Issues and challenges. In Decker, E. N. & Towner, J. A. (Ed.). Handbook of research on disaster management and contingency planning in modern libraries (pp. 534-559). Hershey, PA: IGI-Global. doi: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8624-3.ch023
  28. Issa, A. O., Aliyu, M. B., Adedeji, A. F., & Rachel, A. B. (2012). Disaster preparedness at the State Public Library, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 712. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/712/
  29. Iske, S. D. A., & Lengfellner, L. G. (2015). Fire, water and books: Disaster preparedness for academic libraries. Professional Safety, October, 39-46. Retrieved from http://www.indiana.edu/~t581pm/Week_9/Articles/Preparedness.pdf
  30. Kaur, T. (2009). Disaster planning in university libraries in India: A neglected area. New Library World, 110(3/4), 175-187.
  31. Kostagiolas, P., Araka, I., Theodorou, R., & Bokos, G. (2011). Disaster management approaches for academic libraries: An issue not to be neglected in Greece. Library Management, 32(8/9), 516-530.
  32. Kumar, N. (2016, April 24). Why Nepal is still in rubble a year after a devastating quake. Time. Retrieved from http://time.com/4305225/nepal-earthquake-anniversary-disaster/
  33. Lindell, M. K., Prater, C. S., Perry, R. W., & Nicholson, W. C. (2006). Fundamentals of emergency management. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ronald_Perry3/publication/265494805_Fundamentals_of_Emergency_Management/links/5419d08e0cf25ebee9888124/Fundamentals-of-Emergency-Management.pdf
  34. Loving, M. (2002). Darkest days: The war on terror. American Libraries, 33(5), 68-72.
  35. Lyall, J. (1996). Disaster planning for libraries and archives: Understanding the essential issues. Provenance The Electronic Magazine, 1(2). Retrieved from http://www.netpac.com/provenance/vol1/no2/features/lyall1.htm
  36. Maheswaran, R. (2008). Role of libraries in conflict and peace process in Sri Lanka. Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, 12, 107-123. doi:10.4038/jula.v12i0.331
  37. McIlwaine, J. (2006). IFLA disaster preparedness and planning: A brief manual. France: IFLA-PAC. Retrieved from https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/pac/ipi/ipi6-en.pdf
  38. Mincio, D. (2010, January 22). News about Haitian libraries. Retrieved from https://www.ifla.org/DE/news/news-about-haitian-libraries?og=7607
  39. Morgan, G., & Smith, J. G. (1997). Disaster management in libraries: The role of a disaster plan. South Africa Journal of Library and Information science, 65(1), 62-71.
  40. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. (2013). Final Report re effects of Typhoon Yoland (Haiyan), 6—9 November, 2013. Retrieved from http://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1329/FINAL_REPORT_re_Effects_of_TyphonYOLANDA_%28HAIYAN%29_06-09NOV2013.pdf
  41. Nepal Library relief fund. (2018). ala.org. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/aboutala/offices/nepal-library-relief-fund
  42. Newman, D., & Harris, S. (2015). Lessons in disaster recovery from Hurricane Ivan: The case of the University of the West Indies (UWI) Mona Library. Paper presented IFLA World Library and Information Congress, 15-21 August 2015, Cape Town, South Africa. Retrieved from http://library.ifla.org/1253/1/223-newman-en.pdf
  43. Nwokedi, G. I., Panle, P. P., & Samuel, N. (2017). Disaster management and preparedness: A case study of University of Jos library. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1590. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1590
  44. Philips, H. (2010). The Great Library of Alexandria? Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1427&context=libphilprac
  45. Riedlmayer, A. J. (2004). Sarajevo library’s destruction. American Libraries, 35(10), 30-31.
  46. Risk assessment. (2017). ccohs.ca. Retrieved from https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/risk_assessment.html
  47. Robertson, D. (2005). SLA’s response to natural disasters. Information Outlook, 9(10), 20-26.
  48. Rollin, M. (1851). The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes, and Persians, Grecians and Macedonians (18th ed, Vol. 5). London: William Tegg & Co.
  49. Rutto, D., & Otike, J. (2016). Challenges facing disaster management in libraries in Africa. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/25822108/CHALLENGES_FACING_DISASTER_MANAGEMENT_IN_LIBRARIES_IN_AFRICA
  50. Sadiq, L. (2016, October 16). Fire ravages Unijos library, six Departments. Daily Trust Online Newspaper. Retrieved from https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/how-100000-books-turned-to-ashes-in-unijos.html
  51. Shaheen, M. A. (2007). Academic institutions of Pakistani administered Kashmir: A pre and post earthquake analysis. Paper presented at World Library and Information Congress: 73rd IFLA General Conference and Council. Durban, South Africa. Retrieved from http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla73/papers/140-Shaheen-en.pdf
  52. Shaheen, M. A. (2008). Earthquake effects on educational institutions and libraries of Azad Kashmir: An appraisal. Library Review, 57(6), 449-456. doi:10.1108/00242530810886724
  53. Superio, D. L., & Alayon, S. B. (2015). Typhoon Yolanda: Its impacts to on the libraries in Northern Panay, Western Visayas, Philippines. Retrieved from https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/handle/1912/7410/Superio&Alayon.pdf?sequence=1
  54. Sutton, J., & Tierney, K. (2006). Disaster preparedness: Concepts, guidance and research. Retrieved from http://www.fritzinstitute.org/pdfs/whitepaper/disasterpreparedness-concepts.pdf
  55. Shi, P., Shuai, J., Chen, W., & Lu, L. (2010). Study on large-scale disaster risk assessment and risk transfer models. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 1(2), 1-8. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.3974/j.issn.2095-0055.2010.02.001
  56. Ugwuanyi, R. N. C., Ugwu, M. E., & Ezema, K. C. (2015). Managing disasters in University Libraries in South East Nigeria: Preventive, technological and coping measures. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1289. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1289
  57. United States Agency for International Development. (2013, November 11). Philippines-Typhoon Yolanda /Haiyan fact sheet #1, fiscal year (FY) 2014. Retrieved from https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/11.11.13-SuperTyphoonYolanda_HaiyanFactSheet01.pdf
  58. van der Hoeven, H., & van Albada, J. (1996). Memory of the world: Lost memory -Libraries and archives destroyed in the twentieth century. Paris: UNESCO.
  59. Viray, K. M. (2018). The top 10 worst typhoons that have hit the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.dailypedia.net/2015/09/top-10-worst-typhoons/
  60. World Health Organization/Emergency Humanitarian Action. (1998). Emergency health training programme for Africa. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/disasters/repo/5521.pdf
  61. World Health Organization/Emergency Humanitarian Action. (2002). Disasters and emergencies: Definitions. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/disasters/repo/7656.pdf
  62. World Meteorological Organization. (2005). Statement on the status of the global climate in 2005. Retrieved from https://library.wmo.int/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7927#.XBIimGhKjIU
  63. Yamada, N. (2015, May 5). Briefing on Nepal earthquake and damages on Nepalese libraries. National Diet Library. Retrieved from http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/preservation/news/news20150702.html
  64. Zaveri, P. (2015). Digital disaster management in libraries in India. Library Hi Tech, 33(2), 230-244.
  65. Zhou, H. J., Wang, X., & Yuan, Y. (2015). Risk assessment of disaster chain: Experience from Wenchuaan earthquake-induced landslides in China. Journal of Mountain Science, 12(5), 1169-1180. doi: 10.1007/s11629-015-3453-6

How to Cite

Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Izuagbe, R., Ifijeh, G., Ilogho, J., Iwu-James, J., & Osinulu, I. (2018). Library Disasters in Developing Countries: A Literature Review of Experiences and Way Forward. Information World, 19(2), 275-296. https://doi.org/10.15612/BD.2018.687